Spirit boards are called hohao by Elema people. They are made to attract spirits that are important to the history and well being of the community. Therefore, groups of hohao displayed in men's houses represent the strength and prestige of Elema clans. Visitors to Elema and neighboring villages collected and photographed hohao in the early twentieth century.

Provenance:
Michael Hamson, Palos Verdes Estates 2007
Private collection, Western Australia